Methods and systems for avoiding a collision between an aircraft and an obstacle using a three dimensional visual indication of an aircraft wingtip path

ABSTRACT

The disclosed embodiments relate to methods and systems for avoiding a collision between an aircraft on the ground and an obstacle using a three-dimensional visual indication of the area or plane of winglets on the wingtips of the aircraft. The method includes receiving a video image from a camera positioned in one of the winglets, the video image representing a field of view through which the winglet of the aircraft will pass along a present heading of the aircraft. Next a processor determines a three-dimensional area or plane within the field of view through which the winglet of the aircraft will pass. An overlay is displayed within the field of view to assist the pilot in avoiding collisions with obstacles within the field of view.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/053,295 filed Sep. 22, 2014.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to aircraft, andmore particularly relate to methods and systems for avoiding collisionsbetween an aircraft on a ground surface and an obstacle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An operator of an aircraft must often maneuver the aircraft while on theground. This may happen during ground operations such as when theaircraft is taxiing, being maneuvered to or from a hangar, or backing anaircraft away from a terminal.

Obstacles on the ground, such as structures, other aircraft, vehiclesand other obstacles, may lie in the path of a taxing aircraft. Operatorsare trained to detect these obstacles using their sense of sight.However, in many cases, due to the dimensions of the aircraft (e.g.,large wing sweep angles, distance from cockpit to wingtip and wingletson the wingtip) and the operator's limited field of view of the areassurrounding the aircraft, it can be difficult for an operator to monitorextremes of the aircraft during ground operations. As a result, theoperator may fail to detect obstacles that may be in the path of thewingtips or winglets of the aircraft. In many cases, the operator mayonly detect an obstacle when it is too late to take evasive actionneeded to prevent a collision with an obstacle.

Collisions with an obstacle can not only damage the aircraft, but canalso put the aircraft out of service and result in flight cancellations.The costs associated with the repair and grounding of an aircraft can besignificant. As such, the timely detection and avoidance of obstaclesthat lie in the ground path of an aircraft is an important issue thatneeds to be addressed.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide methods, systems and apparatusthat can reduce the likelihood of and/or prevent collisions betweenaircraft and obstacles. It would also be desirable to assist theoperator with maneuvering the aircraft and to provide an operator withaided guidance while maneuvering the aircraft so that collisions withsuch obstacles can be avoided. It would also be desirable to providetechnologies that can be used to detect obstacles on the ground andidentify an aircraft's predicted position with respect to the detectedobstacles. It would also be desirable to provide the operator with anopportunity to take appropriate steps to avoid a collision fromoccurring between the aircraft and the detected obstacles. Furthermore,other desirable features and characteristics of the present inventionwill become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and theappended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings andthe foregoing technical field and the foregoing technical field andbackground.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, a method is provided for avoiding a collision betweenan aircraft on a ground surface and an obstacle using athree-dimensional visual indication of the area or plane of winglets onthe wingtips of the aircraft. The method includes receiving a videoimage from a camera positioned in one of the winglets, the video imagerepresenting a field of view through which the winglet of the aircraftwill pass along a present heading of the aircraft. Next a processordetermines a three-dimensional area or plane within the field of viewthrough which the winglet of the aircraft will pass. An overlay isdisplayed within the field of view to assist the pilot in avoidingcollisions with obstacles within the field of view.

In another embodiment, a system is provided for avoiding a collisionbetween an aircraft on a ground surface and an obstacle using athree-dimensional visual indication of the area or plane of winglets onthe wingtips of the aircraft. The system includes a camera positioned inone of the winglets and a processor for processing a video image fromthe camera representing a field of view through which the winglet of theaircraft will pass along a present heading of the aircraft. Theprocessor determines a three-dimensional area or plane within the fieldof view through which the winglet of the aircraft will pass andgenerates a representative overlay. The overlay is displayed within thefield of view to assist the pilot in avoiding collisions with obstacleswithin the field of view.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described inconjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numeralsdenote like elements, and

FIGS. 1A-1D are illustrations of an aircraft in accordance with anembodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of collision alerting system in accordancewith an embodiment;

FIGS. 3A-3B are illustrations of displays of an aircraft in accordancewith an embodiment; and

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method in accordance with an embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” The following detailed description is merelyexemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or theapplication and uses of the invention. Any embodiment described hereinas “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments. All of the embodiments described inthis Detailed Description are exemplary embodiments provided to enablepersons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and not to limitthe scope of the invention which is defined by the claims. Furthermore,there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theorypresented in the preceding technical field, background, summary or thefollowing detailed description.

FIGS. 1A and 1B, illustrate an aircraft 100 that includesinstrumentation for implementing a three-dimensional optical wingletmonitoring system in accordance with some embodiments. As will bedescribed below, the three-dimensional winglet monitoring system can beused to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of a collision between anaircraft 100 with obstacles that are in the winglet path of the aircraftwhen the aircraft is taxiing.

In accordance with one non-limiting embodiment, the aircraft 100includes a vertical stabilizer 102, two horizontal stabilizers 104-1 and104-2, two main wings 106-1 and 106-2, two jet engines 108-1, 108-2.Although the jet engines 108-1, 108-2 are illustrated as being mountedto the fuselage, this arrangement is non-limiting and in otherimplementations the jet engines 108-1, 108-2 can be mounted on the wings106-1, 106-2. Each of the main wings 106-1 and 106-2 include winglets112-1 and 112-2 positioned at a wingtip and angled upwardly from eachwingtip. As will be appreciated, winglets improve the efficiency offixed-wing aircraft by increasing the lift generated at the wingtip thatreduces lift-induced drag caused by wingtip vortices. This improves thelift-to-drag ratio and increases fuel efficiency of the aircraft thusincreasing range. The aircraft 100 also includes an obstacle/groundtraffic detection system that includes cameras 110-1, 110-2 that arepositioned in the winglets 112-1 and 112-2 of the aircraft 100.

The cameras 110-1, 110-2 are used to acquire video images of a field ofview (FOV) 110-1′, 110-2′. In some embodiments, the cameras 110-1, 110-2are video cameras capable of acquiring video images with the FOV at aselected frame rate (e.g., thirty frames per second). In someembodiments, the cameras 110-1, 110-2 are still image cameras that canbe operated at a selected or variable image capture rate according to adesired image input rate. Additionally, the cameras 110-1, 110-2 may beimplemented using cameras such as high-definition cameras, video withlow-light capability for night operations and/or cameras with infrared(IR) capability, etc. In some embodiments, multiple cameras may beemployed and the respective FOVs combined or “stitched” together usingconvention virtual image techniques.

In some embodiments, the FOVs 110-1′, 110-2′ may vary depending on theimplementation and design of the aircraft 100 so that the FOV can bevaried either by the operator (pilot) or automatically depending onother information. In some embodiments, the FOVs 110-1′, 110-2′ of thecameras can be fixed, while in others it can be adjustable. For example,in one implementation, the cameras 110-1, 110-2 may have a variablefocal length (i.e., a zoom lens) which can be modified to vary the FOV110-1′, 110-2′. Thus, this embodiment can vary the range and field ofview based on the surrounding area and/or the speed of the aircraft sothat the location and size of the space within the FOV 110-1′, 110-2′can be varied. When the cameras 110-1, 110-2 have an adjustable FOV, aprocessor (not illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B) can command the camera lensto a preset FOV. The optical range of the cameras 110-1, 110-2 can alsovary depending on the implementation and design of the aircraft 100.

According to exemplary embodiments, the winglet cameras 110-1 and 110-2provide FOV images to a processor. By knowing the position of thewinglet cameras in relation to the size and angle of the winglets, anonboard computer can determine the three-dimensional area (or plane)through which the winglets of the aircraft will travel. As used here, anonboard computer means any computer, processor or processing systemresiding anywhere onboard the aircraft 100. Non-limiting examplesinclude processors residing: in the cameras 110-1 and 110-2; in thedisplay 212; in a dedicated video processor; in a flight control systemor in a cabin server. The onboard processor may be a single processor, acore of a multi-core processor or a processor from a distributedprocessing system within the aircraft 100. Using this information, theonboard process creates an overlay image is provided to be displayedwith the video image from the cameras 110-1, 110-2. The combined imageprovides an operator (e.g., pilot) with a visual indication of thewinglet path through the FOV, and any obstacles that may collide withthe wings (or wingtips) can be seen by the operator to safely avoidcollision with the obstacle. In some embodiments, the size and angle ofthe overlay is selected to match the space that the winglet (from tip tobase) will travel through the FOV. In this way, aircraft safety ispromoted by providing information to assist in avoiding obstacles whilethe aircraft 100 is taxiing.

FIG. 1C illustrates one example of the winglet camera 110-2 positionedapproximately midway in the winglet 112-2. The distance 114-2 from thecamera 110-2 to the winglet tip 116-2 can be determined as well as adistance 118-2 from the camera 110-2 to the winglet base 120-2. Thisinformation can be stored in an on-board computer or processor in theaircraft and used to determine the area or plane in which the wingletwill pass. Similarly in FIG. 1D, the angle Ø from the main wing 106-1 tothe winglet tip 116-1 can be determined to provide the angle that thewinglet 112-1 projects from the main wing 106-1. Alternately, an angle θcan be determined from the winglet tip 116-1 to a projected line fromthe wingtip base 120-1 to provide the angle that the winglet 112-1projects from the wingtip of the main wing 106-1. The processor uses theangle of the winglet from the wingtip to determine the angle of theplane that the winglet will pass through. That is, since the processorhas the distal relationship of the winglet to the camera and the angularinformation of the winglet to the wing the processor can determine athree-dimensional area through which the winglet will pass within theFOV as the aircraft advances along a current heading. Accordingly, avideo overlay can be produced that represents the area or plane that thewinglet would pass through at a future time as the aircraft continued onthe present heading. The overlay can be presented to the pilot with thevideo image of the FOV enabling the pilot to observe obstacles inrelation to the overlay including a determination of whether the wingletmay pass over or under the obstacle without making contact if theoverlay is calibrated to represent the tip and base of the winglet.

FIG. 2 is block diagram of various systems 200 for an aircraft 100 thatimplements an optical wingtip monitoring system and/or is capable of anoptical wingtip monitoring method in accordance with exemplaryembodiments. The fundamental control systems 200 include a computer 202,cameras and camera control 214, memory 228 and a display unit 212.

Accordingly to exemplary embodiments, the cameras 110-1, 110-2 andcamera control 214 provide raw or processed camera images to thecomputer 202. In some embodiments, raw images can be sent to thecomputer 202 for processing in a software embodiment. In someembodiments, hardware, firmware and/or software process the raw imagedata via the camera control 214 and provide processed image data to thecomputer 202. In some embodiments, raw images can be sent to the display212 for processing in a processor resident in the display 212. In otherembodiments, the camera control 214 can be configured to send processedimage data directly to the display 212. Optionally, aircraft sensors 210may include a plurality of sensors including active proximity orcollision detection systems.

The display unit 212 displays information regarding the status of theaircraft including the FOVs from the cameras 110-1, 110-2 and theoverlays. The display unit 212 typically also includes, but is notlimited to an annunciator 220 to provide verbal warnings, alert orwarning tones or other audible information. The display screen 222 ofthe display unit 212 may include pilot head-up display, trafficcollision avoidance display or other displays as may be included in anyparticular embodiment. Some displays 222 include icons 224 that areilluminated to indicate the occurrence of certain conditions and/or atext message screen 226 to display text information.

In accordance with one embodiment, the various aircraft systems 200illustrated in FIG. 2 is implemented with software and/or hardwaremodules in a variety of configurations. For example, computer 202comprises a one or more processors, software module or hardware modules.The processor(s) reside in single integrated circuits, such as a singleor multi-core microprocessor, or any number of integrated circuitdevices and/or circuit boards working in cooperation to accomplish thefunctions of the computer 202. The computer 202 is operable coupled to amemory system 228, which may contain the software instructions or datafor the computer 202, or may be used by the computer 202 to storeinformation for transmission, further processing or later retrieval. Inaccordance with one embodiment, the memory system 228 is a single typeof memory component, or composed of many different types of memorycomponents. The memory system 228 can include non-volatile memory (e.g.,Read Only Memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.), volatile memory (e.g.,Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)), or some combination of the two. Inan embodiment, the three-dimensional obstacle avoidance system isimplemented in the computer 202 via a software program stored in thememory system 228.

Once the predicted three-dimensional area or plane of the wingtips hasbeen determined and the overlays generated can be presented (albeit in atwo-dimensional format) to the aircraft operator on the display 212.

FIGS. 3A-3B are illustrations of exemplary cockpit displays that couldbe employed in any particular implementation. The displays 300-1 and300-2 present the overlays 302-1, 302-2 within the FOVs 110-1′ and110-2′. In the illustrated example, the overlays 302-1 and 302-2 have ashape representing the area or plane through which the winglet will passwithin the field of view, with the upper portion representing thewinglet tip 116-2 and the lower portion representing the winglet base120-2. The overlays 302-1 and 302-2 appear at an angle corresponding tothe angle of the winglet from the main wing as discussed above inconnection with FIG. 3-D. In other embodiments, a more general shape(e.g., rectangle) could be used albeit with the loss of informationregarding the winglet height and angle in relation to any obstaclewithin the rectangle. The overlays 302-1 and 302-2 may appear astapering lines representing the position (height and angle) within thefield of view at a future point in time along the present heading of theaircraft. In some embodiments, the overlays 302-1 and 302-2 may appearas a line-image (e.g., tapering rectangle) having a transparent area,while in other embodiments the area within the overlay may be tintedwith a translucent color. Additionally, the overlays may be presentedwith various combinations of symbols, graphics or alphanumericcharacters as desired in any particular embodiment. Optionally, variousportions of the area within the overlays could include a multi-colorfeature, such as, for example, a green color, amber color or a red colordepending upon the ground speed of the aircraft with the color relatingto the amount of time a pilot would have to avoid an obstacle at thepresent ground speed.

The embodiments in which the overlay includes an upper portionrepresenting the tip of the winglet and the lower portion representingthe base of the winglet offer an advantage to the pilot and that thepilot can determine whether the winglet a pass over an obstacle (e.g.,vehicle) or under an obstacle (e.g., hanger door). As the aircraftchanges heading during the taxi maneuver, the overlays follow the fieldof image changes so that the pilot can at all times determine the areaor plane through which the winglet will pass or travel within the fieldof view.

In some embodiments, the displays and overlays illustrated in FIGS.3A-3B are activated by the pilot prior to beginning a taxi maneuver. Inother embodiments, the displays and overlays could be presentedautomatically upon detecting motion of the aircraft from a stoppedposition until deactivated by the pilot prior to performing a takeoffmaneuver. Additionally, one display may be deactivated if the pilot isconfident that there are no obstacles within that FOV (for example, thestarboard FOV). This allows the display to be used to present other dataor information desired by the pilot during taxing the aircraft.Additionally, following a landing maneuver, the displays and overlayscould be activated by the pilot or automatically upon the aircraftfalling below a certain ground speed.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method 400 illustrating the steps performedby the The various tasks performed in connection with the method 400 ofFIG. 4 may be performed by software executed in a processing unit,hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. For illustrativepurposes, the following description of the method 400 of FIG. 4 mayrefer to elements mentioned above in connection with FIGS. 1-3. Inpractice, portions of the method of FIG. 4 may be performed by differentelements of the described system. It should also be appreciated that themethod of FIG. 4 may include any number of additional or alternativetasks and that the method of FIG. 4 may be incorporated into a morecomprehensive procedure or process having additional functionality notdescribed in detail herein. Moreover, one or more of the tasks shown inFIG. 4 could be omitted from an embodiment of the method 400 of FIG. 4as long as the intended overall functionality remains intact.

The routine begins in step 402, where video images is received from thecameras (110-1, 110-2 in FIG. 1A) to provide winglet FOVs 110-1′ and110-2′. In step 404, the overlays are generated that indicate apredicted area or plane the winglets will take through the FOVs 110-1′and 110-2′. In step 406, the overlays are displayed within the FOVs(110-1′, 110-2′ in FIG. 1A) as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3B. The displaymay be a conventional cockpit screen display, a head-up display, or adisplay at or onboard towing equipment towing the aircraft. Optionally,the overlays may be presented via color features or with otherinformation.

The disclosed methods and systems provide a three-dimensional opticalwinglet monitoring system for an aircraft that enhances safe groundtravel for an aircraft by an operator with a visual indicator of thearea or plane of the wingtips relative to the present heading of theaircraft as being directed by the operator. This allows the operator anopportunity to identify potential collisions in time to avoid thecollision for the safety of the aircraft and convenience of thepassengers.

It will be appreciated that the various illustrative logicalblocks/tasks/steps, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described inconnection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented aselectronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. Some ofthe embodiments and implementations are described above in terms offunctional and/or logical block components (or modules) and variousprocessing steps. However, it should be appreciated that such blockcomponents (or modules) may be realized by any number of hardware,software, and/or firmware components configured to perform the specifiedfunctions. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware andsoftware, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits,and steps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware orsoftware depends upon the particular application and design constraintsimposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement thedescribed functionality in varying ways for each particular application,but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present invention. For example, anembodiment of a system or a component may employ various integratedcircuit components, e.g., memory elements, digital signal processingelements, logic elements, look-up tables, or the like, which may carryout a variety of functions under the control of one or moremicroprocessors or other control devices. In addition, those skilled inthe art will appreciate that embodiments described herein are merelyexemplary implementations

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implementedor performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration. The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean“serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodimentdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with theembodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, aCD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Anexemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processorcan read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.

In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and thelike may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from anotherentity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actualsuch relationship or order between such entities or actions. Numericalordinals such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. simply denotedifferent singles of a plurality and do not imply any order or sequenceunless specifically defined by the claim language. The sequence of thetext in any of the claims does not imply that process steps must beperformed in a temporal or logical order according to such sequenceunless it is specifically defined by the language of the claim. Theprocess steps may be interchanged in any order without departing fromthe scope of the invention as long as such an interchange does notcontradict the claim language and is not logically nonsensical.

Furthermore, depending on the context, words such as “connect” or“coupled to” used in describing a relationship between differentelements do not imply that a direct physical connection must be madebetween these elements. For example, two elements may be connected toeach other physically, electronically, logically, or in any othermanner, through one or more additional elements.

While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in theforegoing detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vastnumber of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that theexemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and arenot intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of theinvention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description willprovide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map forimplementing the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments. Itshould be understood that various changes can be made in the functionand arrangement of elements without departing from the scope of theinvention as set forth in the appended claims and the legal equivalentsthereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for avoiding a collision between anaircraft on a ground surface and an obstacle, the aircraft havingwinglets positioned at the wingtips, the method comprising: receiving,at the processor onboard an aircraft, a video image from a camerapositioned in one of the winglets, the video image representing a fieldof view through which the wingtip of the aircraft will pass along apresent heading of the aircraft; determining, by the processor, apredicted three-dimensional area within the field of view through whichthe winglet of the aircraft will pass along the present heading of theaircraft; and displaying the video image on a display together with anoverlay representing the predicted three-dimensional area in the fieldof view; wherein the overlay provides information to assist inpreventing the winglet of the aircraft from colliding with obstacles inthe field of view.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein displayingcomprises displaying the video image and the overlay on a display withinthe aircraft.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein displaying comprisesdisplaying the video image and the overlays on a head-up display.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising generating the overlay to have ashape representing the height of the winglet and the angle of thewinglet from a wing coupled to the winglet.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the overlay has an upper portion representing the tip of thewinglet and a lower portion representing a base of the winglet.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the overlay is displayed is a line-imagewithin the field of view.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the overlayis displayed as a translucent color image within the field of view.
 8. Amethod for avoiding a collision between an aircraft on a ground surfaceand an obstacle, the aircraft having winglets positioned at thewingtips, the method comprising: receiving, at the processor onboard anaircraft, a first video image from a first camera, the first video imagerepresenting a first field of view from a first winglet of the aircraft;receiving, at the processor onboard an aircraft, a second video imagefrom a second camera, the second video image representing a second fieldof view from a second winglet of the aircraft; determining, by theprocessor, a first three-dimensional area through which the firstwinglet of the aircraft will travel and a second three-dimensional areathrough which the second winglet of the aircraft will travel within thefield of view along a present heading of the aircraft; and displayingthe first video image on a display together with an overlay representingthe first three-dimensional area in the first field of view, and thesecond video image on the display together with an overlay representingthe second three-dimensional area in the second field of view; whereinthe first and second overlays provide information to assist inpreventing the aircraft from colliding with obstacles in the first andsecond field of views.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein displayingcomprises displaying the first and second video images and the first andsecond overlays on a display within the aircraft.
 10. The method ofclaim 8, wherein displaying comprises displaying the first and secondvideo images and the first and second overlays on a head-up display. 11.The method of claim 8, further comprising generating the first andsecond overlays to have a shape representing the respective height ofthe first and second winglet and the angle of the first and secondwinglet from a respective wing coupled to the first and second winglet.12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second overlays have anupper portion representing the tip of the respective first and secondwinglet and a lower portion representing a respective base of the firstand second winglet.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein displaying thefirst and second overlays are displayed is line-images within therespective first and second field of view.
 14. The method of claim 8,wherein displaying the first and second overlays comprises displaying atranslucent color images within the respective first and second field ofviews.
 15. An aircraft, comprising: a first wing having a first wingletpositioned at a first wing tip, the first winglet have a camerapositioned therein for providing a first video image of a first wingletfield of view; a second wing having a second winglet positioned at asecond wing tip, the second winglet have a second camera positionedtherein for providing a second video image of a second winglet field ofview; processor for determining a respective first and secondthree-dimensional area for the first and second wingtip to travel withinthe wingtip field of view along a present heading of the aircraft andfor generating a first and second overlay representing the first andsecond three-dimensional area; and a display for displaying the firstand second video image and the first and second overlay to provideinformation to assist in avoiding obstacles.
 16. The aircraft accordingto claim 15, wherein the display comprises a cockpit mounted displaywithin the aircraft.
 17. The aircraft according to claim 15, wherein thedisplay comprises a heads-up display within the aircraft.
 18. The methodof claim 15, wherein the first and second overlays have an upper portionrepresenting the tip of the respective first and second winglet and alower portion representing a respective base of the first and secondwinglet.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein displaying the first andsecond overlays are displayed is line-images within the respective firstand second field of view.
 20. The method of claim 15, wherein displayingthe first and second overlays comprises displaying a translucent colorimages within the respective first and second field of views.